1 Samuel 28:13

Authorized King James Version

And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what sawest thou? And the woman said unto Saul, I saw gods ascending out of the earth.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַתֹּ֤אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
לָ֥הּ
H0
#3
הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ
And the king
a king
#4
אַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#5
תִּֽירְאִ֖י
unto her Be not afraid
to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten
#6
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#7
מָ֣ה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#8
רָאִ֖יתִי
I saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#9
וַתֹּ֤אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#10
הָֽאִשָּׁה֙
thou And the woman
a woman
#11
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#12
שָׁא֔וּל
unto Saul
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
#13
אֱלֹהִ֥ים
gods
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#14
רָאִ֖יתִי
I saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#15
עֹלִ֥ים
ascending
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#16
מִן
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#17
הָאָֽרֶץ׃
out of the earth
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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